The F-1 is a Soviet defensive anti-personnel fragmentation grenade in continuous service since 1939, adopted across Soviet armed forces and subsequently retained by Soviet-successor states. The Bulgarian F-1 is a domestic copy of the Soviet model, produced at Bulgarian defense facilities. Among eastern-origin grenades, it holds one of the longest documented service records and has been observed in operational use through the Russo-Ukrainian War.
The cast iron serrated body is designed for high-density fragmentation. Its effective fragment radius exceeds the standard throw distance, requiring personnel to be in covered positions before initiating the throw – a tactical characteristic that places it in a distinct role from offensive designs in the hand grenades catalogue. Post-war production variants use the UZRGM universal fuse; some configurations carry the DVM-78 fuse.
Available for institutional procurement by ministries of defence, authorized defence contractors, and licensed importers. Inquiries must include product designation, required quantity, country of final destination, intended end-use declaration, and applicable end-user certificate (EUC) or import authorization.